| Culiacán Rosales | |||
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| View of Culiacán | |||
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| Location of Culiacán within Sinaloa | |||
| Location of Sinaloa within Mexico | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Mexico | ||
| State | Sinaloa | ||
| Foundation | 1531 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Hector Melesio Cuen Ojeda PRI | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • City | 858,638 | ||
| • Urban | 675,773 | ||
| • Demonym | Culichi | ||
| Time zone | MST (UTC−7) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | MDT (UTC−6) | ||
| Website | www.culiacan.gob.mx | ||
Culiacán (Spanish pronunciation: [kulja'kan]) is a city in northwestern Mexico, the largest city in the state of Sinaloa as well as its capital and capital of the municipality of Culiacán. With 675,773 inhabitants in the city (census of 2010), and 858,638 in the municipality, it is the largest city in the state of Sinaloa. The municipality has a total area of 4,758 km2 (1,837 sq mi).
The city is located in a valley at the confluence of the Tamazula and Humaya Rivers, where the two meet to form the Culiacán River, and is located 55 meters above sea level. It is located in the center of the state with almost equal distance to the other urban centers of the state: Los Mochis to the north, and Mazatlán to the south. In addition, Culiacán is the birthplace and base of the Sinaloa Cartel.[1]
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Most people agree that the name Culiacán apparently comes from the word colhuacan, which can mean "palace of snakes", but traditionally the most accepted translation would be "place of those who adore the crooked god Coltzin". Before the Spaniards arrived from Europe, this site had been a small Indian settlement since 628 when Amerindians had first founded it.
The city existing today was founded in 1531 by the Spanish captain Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán and named San Miguel de Culiacán. In the same decade, it was the terminus of the long journey of Cabeza de Vaca and company among natives. Explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado set out from Culiacán to explore what is now the southwestern United States. Settlers from Europe came to Culiacán, and in the following centuries, Culiacán continued to be a quiet town. It was only after the federal government built dams in the adjacent areas in the 1950s that agriculture exploded and the city began to grow exponentially. Some of Mexico's largest agricultural conglomerates operate in the vast and fertile coastal plains. The agro-industrial economy continues to be the single largest contributor to the region's legal economy. While the vast majority of technical and skilled labor is educated locally, the once-seasonal field labor pool now experiences a yearly shortage of workers. International patterns of migration now draw laborers from deep within Mexico's south to the northern border states and into the United States.
Beginning in the late 1950s, Culiacán became the birthplace of an incipient underground economy based on illicit drugs exported to the United States. The completion of the Pan-American Highway and the regional airport in the 1960s accelerated the expansion of a workable distribution infrastructure for the enterprising few families that would later come to dominate the international drug cartels along Mexico's Pacific Northwest.
During the turbulent 1970s the well-entrenched 'gomeros' enjoyed the fruits of their criminal enterprises which linked opium farmers in the Sierra with local brown heroin refineries. This, coupled with the thriving demand for marijuana stuffed local banks and private coffers with enough local capital to expand the 'above the board' economies. During the presidency of Luis Echeverría, federal policy attempted to break the growing alliances that were forged between revolutionary student uprisings and the drug dealers. Frequent confrontations between government soldiers on one side and local drug dealers were commonplace in Culiacán's streets. Drug traffickers during the 1980s diversified into legitimate infrastructure investments in banking, agriculture, transportation, international money exchanges, United States real estate, and import brokerage businesses. The diversification included alliance building efforts that resulted in the formation of powerful cartels based on traditional clan and familial relationships of the founding families. This continued into collaborative relationships that linked the Culiacán-based drug trade with other networks in Latin America, Asia, and Europe. In part due to US-led successes against the Colombian distribution networks in the Caribbean and in South Florida, the 1980s also saw the rise in the fortunes of the Pacific Coast cartels as they filled the vacuum created in the cocaine trade. Later, in a concerted effort to escape scrutiny and consolidate regional markets, the Culiacán cartels relocated into Jalisco state and Baja California while maintaining a low profile presence in the hometown. More recently, the influence of the cartel networks along the US-Mexico border expanded through the 1990s and into the current decade. Diversification now also includes both legitimate US-registered enterprises and the usurpation of many regional markets of the illicit methamphetamine trade. Although sometimes referred to as the Guadalajara Cartel, the Tijuana Cartel, and by other monikers, the key players continue to be Culiacán's native sons. The corrupting influence of the drug trade on government institutions is well documented on both sides of the border and continues to flourish despite efforts and infrequent successes of United States federal law enforcement agencies.
Culiacán's reputation as a narco city has made it the de facto home of the Mexican narcocorrido.[2] In the midst of the Mexican drug war, many Culiacán-based corrido musicians said they were hesitant to play certain songs for fear of offending the wrong trafficker.[2]
Culiacán has a semi-arid climate, despite receiving over 600 millimetres (24 in), due to its hot temperatures and high evaporation. Summers are very hot and humid, shade temperatures can reach 45 °C (113 °F) and high humidy can produce heat indexes of 50 to 55 °C (122 to 131 °F), with the risk of heavy rainfall from decaying tropical cyclones also present. Winters are much milder with less humidity and an average high of 27 °C, with cool nights.
| Climate data for Culiacán | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.5 (106.7) |
41.0 (105.8) |
45.5 (113.9) |
42.5 (108.5) |
40.5 (104.9) |
41.5 (106.7) |
41.5 (106.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
37.0 (98.6) |
45.5 (113.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 27.5 (81.5) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.4 (95.7) |
34.7 (94.5) |
34.4 (93.9) |
34.3 (93.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32.38 (90.28) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
17.8 (64.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.37 (63.26) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
3.0 (37.4) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 20.2 (0.795) |
7.7 (0.303) |
1.8 (0.071) |
2.5 (0.098) |
1.9 (0.075) |
22.6 (0.89) |
145.3 (5.72) |
191.6 (7.543) |
129.3 (5.091) |
40.0 (1.575) |
27.6 (1.087) |
24.1 (0.949) |
614.6 (24.197) |
| Avg. rainy days | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 13.0 | 13.6 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 49.6 |
| Source: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[3] | |||||||||||||
Culiacán's economy is mainly agricultural and commerce, being a trade center for produce, meat and fish. Among other industries, Culiacán represents 32% of the state economy.
There are companies of national importance headquartered in Culiacán like Coppel, Casa Ley, Homex, among others.
The total population of the city is 675,773. Immigration to Culiacán comes from all parts of the world, but especially from southern Mexico, Japan, China, and Europe (Italy, France, Spain, Germany, Greece).
Though there are several high speed roads, most of the city's streets are rather narrow and traffic jams are common at rush hours. The city has a total of nine bridges: six across the Tamazula river, two spanning the Humaya River and the longest one crossing the Culiacán river. Efforts to solve traffic problems have been made but most of the city streets and bridges are now crowded and insufficient to handle regular and rush hours traffic; a forty km/h speed limit in most parts of the city worsens the situation. It was recently published that there are 300,000 cars in Culiacán making the per capita number of cars one of the highest in the country considering the 745,000 inhabitants.
Culiacán is a rail junction and is located on the Panamerican Highway that runs north to the United States and South to Guadalajara and Mexico City and the Benito Juárez Highway or Maxipista, which is a toll road that runs parallel to the toll-free Federal highway. Culiacán is linked to the satellite city of Navolato by an excellent Freeway that that now reaches Altata, in the Pacific Ocean coast. Culiacán is served by Aeropuerto Internacional de Culiacán and Central Internacional de Autobuses Millennium.
Culiacán is linked to Tamazula de Victoria in Durango state.
Shopping Centers
Forum Mall (Mexico)- Largest Mall in Culiacán. It offers stores like Liverpool, Sears, Zara, C&A, Starbucks, Sanborns, and Tous.
Plaza Galerias San Miguel- Second Large Mall. It offers Sears, Citi Cinemas movie theater, and mainly shoe stores.
Plaza Fiesta
Plaza La Campiña.
Movie theaters: Cinépolis, MM Cinemas, & Citi Cinemas.
Parks: Parque Ernesto Millán Escalante (previously known as Culiacán '87) with pools, attractions, an artificial lake, gardens, sports courts, the longest water slide in northern Mexico, an open air Hellenic theatre, etc. Other parks include Parque Revolución, Parque Constitución Civic Center.
Gambling and Casinos: Caliente(3), Royal Yak, Ermitage, Las Palmas (Nuevo León franchise),Lomas Play and Play City (2008).
Water Parks: Club Splash!- Its one of the largest water parks in the state of Sinaloa.
Nearby towns and villages: El Conchal and other small villages with a population of 500 hundred or less are located 8 kilometers from El Dorado. There people live on fishing and tourism. People charge 350 pesos to give boat group tours.
The city is home of two professional league sport teams: baseball with Tomateros de Culiacán from the Liga Mexicana del Pacífico,two championship in Caribbean series in 1996 and 2002; and soccer with Los Dorados de Sinaloa from the Federación Mexicana de Fútbol Asociación who play at the Estadio Banorte (Estadio Carlos González). Duck, dove and goose hunting season goes from early November through March. Culiacán also holds a yearly international marathon.
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